Leveson Inquiry
The Leveson Inquiry is a public inquiry into the ethics of the British press. It's called the Leveson Inquiry because it's chaired by Lord Justice Leveson. A series of interviews were held to investigate properly what lengths the press took to find information. Such as phone hacking and bribes to make sure they have good press. They continued to hack the voicemails of celebrities like Heather Mills, Ryan Giggs, Sienna Miller, Hugh Grant and many more. Hugh Grant went on to make a documentary where he investigated what happened and he searched for justice.
The main stories that stood out in the Leveson Inquiry are these:
JK Rowling
JK Rowling is the famous author for the Harry Potter series. A reporter managed to stick a note into her five year old daughters bag as a letter to JK Rowling. The reporter had previously gave the note to one of the five year olds teacher and she put it in her bag for her.
Charlotte Church
Charlotte Church was offered £100,000 when she was 13 to sing at Rupert Murdoch's wedding in exchange for good press. However, when she was 16 she was stalked by the paparazzi and they even hacked her phone.
Milly Dowlers parents
This is the investigation that started the whole Leveson Inquiry off. Milly Dowler is a girl that went missing and the news of the world hacked into the girls phone. Whenever Milly Dowlers parents would try and get into contact with her they would listen to the voice mails and quote the parents in the newspapers. However, when the voicemail got full the news of the world started deleting voicemails so Milly Dowlers parents thought she was still alive when she was in fact dead.
Madeline Mcann's parents
Madein Mcann is a little girl that went missing when on holiday with her parents. The news of the world had reported in the newspaper that the parents were possibly responsible and they could have killed their little girl. The news of the world then managed to steal Madeline Mcanns private diary and post it in their newspaper.
Thursday 29 November 2012
Thursday 15 November 2012
Legal and Ethical Constraints in the Media Industry
All work in the media industry will be subjected to legal and ethical constraints and everyone that works in the media industry has a responsibility to be aware of them so they don't anger anyone or do something ilegal.
Legal Constraints
Legal constraints are legal laws that control the media sector and it's extremely important that you follow these laws or you could be fined and investigated by the police. Legal Constraints are laws that absolutely have to be followed and took into consideration or you can have some harsh consequences.
Ethical Constraints
Ethical Constraints aren't necessary things that you could get arrested for but they are just as important. These constraints mean that you are working within accepted norms of society and you have to behave what is considered in the right way without offending anyone. This is covered by self regulating industry codes and it's up to the producer of whatever media production you're doing to make a proper judgment call.
The laws regarding Legal Constraints are listed below with descriptions and examples of what it's all about.
Broadcasting Act 1990
The Broadcasting Act 1990 is law that was created by the British Parliament and the aim of this law was to recreate and improve the entire structure of British broadcasting and British television in particular.
This particular act has many effects of the media industry.
The effects this had on television:
This act allowed for the creation of the fifth channel to be distributed in the UK, which turned out to be Channel 5 and this caused a growth in multichannel satellite television. This particular act has recieved both praise and criticism especially allowing force of Rupert Murdochs ambitions in Britain. It also allowed the companies holding the ITV franchises to take over other such companies from 1995 which started the beginning of the process which lef to the creation of ITV plc.
The effects this had on radio:
This act allowed for the launch of three Independant National Radio stations, two of them on medium wave using frequencies formly used by the BBC, and the other on FM using frequencies formerly used by the emergency services. This started plans for many more local and regional commerical radio stations, using parts of the FM band which was not previously used for broadcasting. The plans for expanding community radio were only developed in the 2000's.
In the Parliament it caused a series of opposition from most of the Labour Party and some members from the Conservative Party who thought this was a representative of a decline in standards.
Official Secrets Act 1989
The Official Secrets Act 1989 is a legislation that helps ensure the protection of state secrets and official information, mainly related to national security.
The effect on radio and television:
This doesn't have a major effect on television and radio but if you talk about stuff that you are under strict instructions not to discuss then police could be brought in to investigate.
Obscene Publications Act 1959
Obscene Publications is a legislation that makes sure to strengthen the law concerning pornography.
The effect this has on radio:
This means they can't play obvious pornographic sounds on family radio so it disrupts the listeners.
The effect this has on television:
This stops the use from showing pornographic scenes on television before a certain time. Channels usually make sure they put out warnings to make sure the viewers are aware of what they might be seeing.
Race Relations Act 1976
The race relations act is a legislation that makes sure we respect that discrimination on any racial grounds is wrong.
The effect this has on radio and television:
They need to make sure that they don't discrimintate against any type of race or religion. Radio needs to be very careful about the people they hire as most programs will be live and if any racial accusations are caused they have no way of stopping it. Television has been recently making television shows which have a person of dark skin tone as the main character which shows a more fair approach to this law. An example of this is BBC three's teenage program 'Some Girls' which has a black main girl character and one of her friends is a Sikh.
Privacy Law
Privacy Law is a law which deals with the use of peoples personal information and making sure they aren't intruded upon. These laws make sure people can't have their information wrongly used without permission.
The effect this has on radio:
This means that they can't tell the listeners peoples full names or any private details they don't want revealed. For example if a viewer calls in but they don't want their name to be revealed then they can't say it.
The effect this has on television:
This is also basically the same as radio, they can't use peoples full names without their consent. This also means that if they take footage of someone they need to get that persons permission before they air it on television.
Copyright and Intellectual Property Law
The Copyright law protects things that are owned by a certain person. This makes sure that no one else can take credit for someones work or you can't use something without getting permission first.
The effect this has on radio:
They can't play certain music without getting permission from the people that created it.
The effect this has on television:
They can't play music or show clips without getting permission from the people that created it.
Libel Law
The Libel law is a law which states that someone can't give out false information about someone that could potentially cause them harm. Such as writing a quote that someone said when they didn't actually say that, or portraying someone in a negative way when that wasn't what happened.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Ethical Constraints are as listed below with descriptions and examples of what it's about.
Protecting under 18's
This is where they need to protect the privacy of children and they must get the consent of the childs parents before they can air something.
Power to influence the public
This is where they can twist some sounds clips or video clips to make them believe something when it could possibly not be true.
Interviewing vulnerable people or children
This means they should know when and when not to interview people. If they interview a child they need to make sure that they don't twist what the person is saying because they don't know any better.
Intruding on individuals privacy
They need to know their boundries and know when not to disturb a member of the public.
Anything that could cause offence or harm
This means they have to have a good idea of what could cause the viewers or listeners harm. Alot of the time there are warnings if it is something that could cause distress to the viewers.
Legal Constraints
Legal constraints are legal laws that control the media sector and it's extremely important that you follow these laws or you could be fined and investigated by the police. Legal Constraints are laws that absolutely have to be followed and took into consideration or you can have some harsh consequences.
Ethical Constraints
Ethical Constraints aren't necessary things that you could get arrested for but they are just as important. These constraints mean that you are working within accepted norms of society and you have to behave what is considered in the right way without offending anyone. This is covered by self regulating industry codes and it's up to the producer of whatever media production you're doing to make a proper judgment call.
The laws regarding Legal Constraints are listed below with descriptions and examples of what it's all about.
Broadcasting Act 1990
The Broadcasting Act 1990 is law that was created by the British Parliament and the aim of this law was to recreate and improve the entire structure of British broadcasting and British television in particular.
This particular act has many effects of the media industry.
The effects this had on television:
This act allowed for the creation of the fifth channel to be distributed in the UK, which turned out to be Channel 5 and this caused a growth in multichannel satellite television. This particular act has recieved both praise and criticism especially allowing force of Rupert Murdochs ambitions in Britain. It also allowed the companies holding the ITV franchises to take over other such companies from 1995 which started the beginning of the process which lef to the creation of ITV plc.
The effects this had on radio:
This act allowed for the launch of three Independant National Radio stations, two of them on medium wave using frequencies formly used by the BBC, and the other on FM using frequencies formerly used by the emergency services. This started plans for many more local and regional commerical radio stations, using parts of the FM band which was not previously used for broadcasting. The plans for expanding community radio were only developed in the 2000's.
In the Parliament it caused a series of opposition from most of the Labour Party and some members from the Conservative Party who thought this was a representative of a decline in standards.
Official Secrets Act 1989
The Official Secrets Act 1989 is a legislation that helps ensure the protection of state secrets and official information, mainly related to national security.
The effect on radio and television:
This doesn't have a major effect on television and radio but if you talk about stuff that you are under strict instructions not to discuss then police could be brought in to investigate.
Obscene Publications Act 1959
Obscene Publications is a legislation that makes sure to strengthen the law concerning pornography.
The effect this has on radio:
This means they can't play obvious pornographic sounds on family radio so it disrupts the listeners.
The effect this has on television:
This stops the use from showing pornographic scenes on television before a certain time. Channels usually make sure they put out warnings to make sure the viewers are aware of what they might be seeing.
Race Relations Act 1976
The race relations act is a legislation that makes sure we respect that discrimination on any racial grounds is wrong.
The effect this has on radio and television:
They need to make sure that they don't discrimintate against any type of race or religion. Radio needs to be very careful about the people they hire as most programs will be live and if any racial accusations are caused they have no way of stopping it. Television has been recently making television shows which have a person of dark skin tone as the main character which shows a more fair approach to this law. An example of this is BBC three's teenage program 'Some Girls' which has a black main girl character and one of her friends is a Sikh.
Privacy Law
Privacy Law is a law which deals with the use of peoples personal information and making sure they aren't intruded upon. These laws make sure people can't have their information wrongly used without permission.
The effect this has on radio:
This means that they can't tell the listeners peoples full names or any private details they don't want revealed. For example if a viewer calls in but they don't want their name to be revealed then they can't say it.
The effect this has on television:
This is also basically the same as radio, they can't use peoples full names without their consent. This also means that if they take footage of someone they need to get that persons permission before they air it on television.
Copyright and Intellectual Property Law
The Copyright law protects things that are owned by a certain person. This makes sure that no one else can take credit for someones work or you can't use something without getting permission first.
The effect this has on radio:
They can't play certain music without getting permission from the people that created it.
The effect this has on television:
They can't play music or show clips without getting permission from the people that created it.
Libel Law
The Libel law is a law which states that someone can't give out false information about someone that could potentially cause them harm. Such as writing a quote that someone said when they didn't actually say that, or portraying someone in a negative way when that wasn't what happened.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Ethical Constraints are as listed below with descriptions and examples of what it's about.
Protecting under 18's
This is where they need to protect the privacy of children and they must get the consent of the childs parents before they can air something.
Power to influence the public
This is where they can twist some sounds clips or video clips to make them believe something when it could possibly not be true.
Interviewing vulnerable people or children
This means they should know when and when not to interview people. If they interview a child they need to make sure that they don't twist what the person is saying because they don't know any better.
Intruding on individuals privacy
They need to know their boundries and know when not to disturb a member of the public.
Anything that could cause offence or harm
This means they have to have a good idea of what could cause the viewers or listeners harm. Alot of the time there are warnings if it is something that could cause distress to the viewers.
Thursday 4 October 2012
Ownership - The big 6
The media studies industry is owned by 6 major companies. These industries include, GE, News Corp, Disney, Viacom, The Warner and CBS. These industries have a large influence on what the public perception and opinion of something can be.
GE
General electric
News Corp
GE
General electric
News Corp
News Corporation has control over many of the popular media products which makes them part of the big 6.
News Corporation in 2009 was known as the third largest industry in entertainment and in 2012 was the second largest media group in terms of revenue. The industry was created in 1979 by Rupert Murdoch as a holding company for News Limited. Rupert Murdoch is worth around $6.3 billion.
News Corporation owner Rupert Murdoch was involved in a scandal where he was reported to of hacked into celebrities, royalty and public citizens phones voicemails and bank accounts. This scandal meant the forced cancellation of popular british newspaper 'News of the World.'
Disney
The company is best known for the products of its film studio, the Walt Disney Studios, and today one of the largest and best-known studios in Hollywood. Disney also owns and operates the ABC broadcast television network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, A+E Networks, and ABC Family; publishing, merchandising, and theatre divisions; and owns and licenses 14 theme parks around the world. It also has a successful music division. Founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney. The Walt Disney Company expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theatre, radio, music, publishing, and online media. In addition, it has created new divisions of the company in order to market more mature content than it typically associates with its flagship family-oriented brands. An early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, Mickey Mouse, is the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. Walt Disney is worth between $42 and $52 billion.
Viacom Inc. is short for "Video & Audio Communications." As of 2010, it is the world's fourth-largest media conglomerate, behind The Walt Disney Company, Time Warner and News Corporation. The current Viacom was created on December 31, 2005 as a spinoff from CBS Corporation, which changed its name from Viacom to CBS at the same time. CBS, not Viacom, retains control of the over-the-air broadcasting, TV production, outdoor advertising, subscription pay television (Showtime) and publishing assets (Simon & Schuster) formerly owned by the larger company. Viacom connects with audiences through television, motion pictures, mobile platforms and online in more than 160 countries and territories. Viacom operates approximately 170 media networks reaching more than 600 million global subscribers and more than 500 branded digital media properties.
Viacom international also continues to focus on its own in-house productions made for its various networks (MTV, VH1, Nickelodeon, etc.) – these programs include Dora the Explorer, Pinky Dinky Doo, Invader Zim, The Hills, SpongeBob SquarePants, The Fairly OddParents, Behind the Music, Big Time Rush, iCarly and Victorious.
The Warner
Viacom
Viacom Inc. is short for "Video & Audio Communications." As of 2010, it is the world's fourth-largest media conglomerate, behind The Walt Disney Company, Time Warner and News Corporation. The current Viacom was created on December 31, 2005 as a spinoff from CBS Corporation, which changed its name from Viacom to CBS at the same time. CBS, not Viacom, retains control of the over-the-air broadcasting, TV production, outdoor advertising, subscription pay television (Showtime) and publishing assets (Simon & Schuster) formerly owned by the larger company. Viacom connects with audiences through television, motion pictures, mobile platforms and online in more than 160 countries and territories. Viacom operates approximately 170 media networks reaching more than 600 million global subscribers and more than 500 branded digital media properties.
Viacom international also continues to focus on its own in-house productions made for its various networks (MTV, VH1, Nickelodeon, etc.) – these programs include Dora the Explorer, Pinky Dinky Doo, Invader Zim, The Hills, SpongeBob SquarePants, The Fairly OddParents, Behind the Music, Big Time Rush, iCarly and Victorious.
The Warner
Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc., also known as Warner Bros. Pictures or simply Warner Bros. (though the name was occasionally given in full form as Warner Brothers during the company's early years), is an American producer of film, television, and music entertainment. Warner owns half of The CW Television Network. The Warner Brothers introduced the first genuine talking picture in 1927. The company was founded by four brothers Harry, Albert, Samuel and Jack Warner. In 1903 they started aquiring movie theatres, and then they moved into film distribution. In 1913 they began producing their own films.
Sources of income
There are many different ways to get a source of income in the media sector.
The different types include: downloads, advertisers, sponsorship, product placement, BBC licence fee, cinema box office, CD and DVD sales, DVD rental, Television subscriptions, merchandise, licensing and preminum telephone lines.
Advertisers
Media companys can make money from people wanting to put advertisements on their products. Such as certain television channels at certain times will cost more to have a video advertisement on their because of the range of viewers it is. Also bigger magazines will be more expensive for advertisements because of the amount of readers they have, it will also range in cost on the size of the advertisement they put in. This allows the companys to gather money from people wanting to use them to present their products.
Sponsorship
Sponsorship is where a company/brand will pay a company to show off their logo on a product or client. This could include things such as putting a PHILLIPS logo around a football stadium. Sponsorship can be used alot during sport such as on race cars and football players.
Product placement
This is where manufacturers of products or providers of a service gain exposure for their products by paying people to have them featured in movies and television programs. An example of product placement is in the popular movie 'ELF' where Buddy is drinking Coca-Cola.
BBC licence fee
This is where people have to pay for the right to own a television in their house-hold and watch programs as they are broadcast. The licence fee is used almost entirely to fund the BBC's domestic radio, television and internet services.
Cinema box office
This is where people pay to watch brand new movies as soon as they are released in high quality on big screens. There is also the additional fee of buying sweets and drinks when you enter.
CD and DVD sales
This is where the media publish CD's and DVD's for people to purchase to listen and watch for their own benefit at home. This is allows the company to make more money than they would recieve from just showing it at the cinema. This is a popular form of income because many people like to choose when they watch the movie.
DVD rental
DVD rental is a business that allows a consumer to temporarily own a DVD for a specified period of time in exchange for payment, a process known as renting. This allows the media to make more money because people can rent the DVD a number of times. Netflix is a popular DVD rental system.
Television subscriptions
This is where people pay extra money to have different features each subscription has. These subscriptions come out monthly and go towards the media sector. SKY is one of the most popular television subscription services.
Merchandise
This is where if a specific brand or something becomes popular and well-liked then they can create t-shirts, posters, figurines and all sorts of things from it to sell to the public.
Licensing
This is where you can't distribute or listen to something without buying it first. Alot of music generated companies use this method.
The different types include: downloads, advertisers, sponsorship, product placement, BBC licence fee, cinema box office, CD and DVD sales, DVD rental, Television subscriptions, merchandise, licensing and preminum telephone lines.
Advertisers
Media companys can make money from people wanting to put advertisements on their products. Such as certain television channels at certain times will cost more to have a video advertisement on their because of the range of viewers it is. Also bigger magazines will be more expensive for advertisements because of the amount of readers they have, it will also range in cost on the size of the advertisement they put in. This allows the companys to gather money from people wanting to use them to present their products.
Sponsorship
Sponsorship is where a company/brand will pay a company to show off their logo on a product or client. This could include things such as putting a PHILLIPS logo around a football stadium. Sponsorship can be used alot during sport such as on race cars and football players.
Product placement
This is where manufacturers of products or providers of a service gain exposure for their products by paying people to have them featured in movies and television programs. An example of product placement is in the popular movie 'ELF' where Buddy is drinking Coca-Cola.
BBC licence fee
This is where people have to pay for the right to own a television in their house-hold and watch programs as they are broadcast. The licence fee is used almost entirely to fund the BBC's domestic radio, television and internet services.
Cinema box office
This is where people pay to watch brand new movies as soon as they are released in high quality on big screens. There is also the additional fee of buying sweets and drinks when you enter.
CD and DVD sales
This is where the media publish CD's and DVD's for people to purchase to listen and watch for their own benefit at home. This is allows the company to make more money than they would recieve from just showing it at the cinema. This is a popular form of income because many people like to choose when they watch the movie.
DVD rental
DVD rental is a business that allows a consumer to temporarily own a DVD for a specified period of time in exchange for payment, a process known as renting. This allows the media to make more money because people can rent the DVD a number of times. Netflix is a popular DVD rental system.
Television subscriptions
This is where people pay extra money to have different features each subscription has. These subscriptions come out monthly and go towards the media sector. SKY is one of the most popular television subscription services.
Merchandise
This is where if a specific brand or something becomes popular and well-liked then they can create t-shirts, posters, figurines and all sorts of things from it to sell to the public.
Licensing
This is where you can't distribute or listen to something without buying it first. Alot of music generated companies use this method.
Thursday 27 September 2012
Ownership
Public and private ownership
There are two types of ownership in the media industry, one is public and the other is private.
Public ownership
Public ownership is ran by the public and we pay a TV licence which funds programs such as ITV and BBC.
The advantages of public ownership is that there are no adverts during the shows and the programs don't have a biased view on things; they explore every side to things.
A disadvantage is that there isn't a wide range of channels to choose from.
The advantages of public ownership is that there are no adverts during the shows and the programs don't have a biased view on things; they explore every side to things.
A disadvantage is that there isn't a wide range of channels to choose from.
Public ownership
Private ownership is ran by companies, individual people or groups.
An advantage for private ownership is that there is a huge range of channels to choose from.
A disadvantage for private ownership is that the owners can put forward their biased view to mold the public into thinking more about what they want to be popular. Another disadvantage is that we also have to pay for it.
An advantage for private ownership is that there is a huge range of channels to choose from.
A disadvantage for private ownership is that the owners can put forward their biased view to mold the public into thinking more about what they want to be popular. Another disadvantage is that we also have to pay for it.
Thursday 20 September 2012
Introduction
The purpose of this blog is to explain the different structures of the media industry. The Creative Media Sector is made up from a variaty of different categories. It includes things such as publishing,
radio,
TV,
advertising,
animation,
film,
games,
interactive media and
photo imaging.
Publishing:
Publishing is the occupation of creating and issuing books, journals and other materials for sale. Publishing revolves around several different types, including; newspaper publishing, periodical publishing, book publishing, directory publishing, academic publishing, tie-in publishing and independant publishing alternatives. Publishing employs around 200,000 people worldwide. Two types of publishing include; The Sun - which is a newspaper and Pelican publishing - a group which publishs books.
Radio:
A radio is a broadcast channel that you can listen to. They will either be live or pre-recorded tapes and the viewer can listen to them. Radio programs can include many things such as music, general chat, competitions, movie reviews and other things. Radio employs around 22,000 people worldwide. A radio station in the north-east that has become extremely popular recently is a station called 'Capital FM.' Capital FM was recently called Galaxy until it rebranded and merged together with The Hit Music Network changing it's identity to Capital FM.
TV:
A TV is abbreviatated from the word television. A television is an electronic device that recieves television signals and displays them on the screen. In the TV industry it employs around 55,800 people worldwide. When TV first started out in 1949 only few people owned one and it only had one channel. The turning point was in the 1960's where pretty much every family owned a TV because it became more affordable. TV is a good way for companies to advertise their brands because of it's popularity and everyone watching it often. There were five main channels before digital TV became the best way forward BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, Channel 4 and Channel 5.
Advertising:
Advertising is a profession of producing short videos or pictures for commercial products or services. By producing advertisements the product will gain more popularity and therefore they will get more money. Advertising employs around 17,000 people worldwide. There are several important ways to advertise including; television advertising, music advertising, infomercials, radio advertising, online advertising, product placements, covert advertising, press advertising, billboard advertising, in-store advertising, coffee cup advertising and celebrity branding. An example of advertising is the 'Go compare adverts' which became popular over everyones annoyance over the opera singer in it, they used this to their advantage to create billboards that looked like they had been grafitied on and television adverts where they try to get rid of the opera singer for humour appeal.
Animation
The manipulation of electronic images using a computer in order to create moving images. The animation industry employs around 4,700 people worldwide. Dreamworks is a company that makes cartoon movies and is one of the most well-known animation companies. Animation can also include the creation of games. Some types of methods to create animation include; puppet animation, clay animation, cutout animation, silhouette animation, model animation, object animation, graphic animation and pixilation.
Film
A form of entertainment that shows a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement. The film industry employs around 27,800 people worldwide. There are two types of films that can be made animation and real-life, these films can either be fiction or non-fiction. Disney and Dreamworks are companies that make animation/cartoon movies and Paramount Pictures is a company that creates popular human movies and some animation movies.
Games
The gaming industry is the fastest selling industry and the moment because of its popularity. The games industry employs around 10,000 people worldwide. A game is something that is created for humans to interact with for fun. Games can be played single player on your own or in multiplayer where you can play with other people. Games have been becoming more popular since the addition of using online methods to play with different people from around the world. Blizzard Entertainment is a popular game publisher that helped create a previous popular game called World of Warcraft.
Interactive Media
Interactive media normally refers to products and services on digital computer-based systems which respond to the user’s actions. The interactive media industry employs around 40,000 people worldwide. An example of interactive media is one of the worlds most popular social network sight called Facebook created by Mark Zuckerberg this website allows people to keep in touch through friend requests, picture sharing and status updates.
Photo Imaging
Photo imaging is where you use softwares such as Adobe Photoshop to adjust images and make them look better and more appealing. Photo imaging employs around 44,000 people worldwide. Photo imaging groups work together for many groups such as magazines and websites. Usually photographers are trained in photo imaging so that they can make their images better. There has been a lot of controversy about magazines over editing their magazine front covers and setting the wrong image for people about what the perfect woman should look like.
radio,
TV,
advertising,
animation,
film,
games,
interactive media and
photo imaging.
Publishing:
Publishing is the occupation of creating and issuing books, journals and other materials for sale. Publishing revolves around several different types, including; newspaper publishing, periodical publishing, book publishing, directory publishing, academic publishing, tie-in publishing and independant publishing alternatives. Publishing employs around 200,000 people worldwide. Two types of publishing include; The Sun - which is a newspaper and Pelican publishing - a group which publishs books.
A radio is a broadcast channel that you can listen to. They will either be live or pre-recorded tapes and the viewer can listen to them. Radio programs can include many things such as music, general chat, competitions, movie reviews and other things. Radio employs around 22,000 people worldwide. A radio station in the north-east that has become extremely popular recently is a station called 'Capital FM.' Capital FM was recently called Galaxy until it rebranded and merged together with The Hit Music Network changing it's identity to Capital FM.
TV:
A TV is abbreviatated from the word television. A television is an electronic device that recieves television signals and displays them on the screen. In the TV industry it employs around 55,800 people worldwide. When TV first started out in 1949 only few people owned one and it only had one channel. The turning point was in the 1960's where pretty much every family owned a TV because it became more affordable. TV is a good way for companies to advertise their brands because of it's popularity and everyone watching it often. There were five main channels before digital TV became the best way forward BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, Channel 4 and Channel 5.
Advertising:
Advertising is a profession of producing short videos or pictures for commercial products or services. By producing advertisements the product will gain more popularity and therefore they will get more money. Advertising employs around 17,000 people worldwide. There are several important ways to advertise including; television advertising, music advertising, infomercials, radio advertising, online advertising, product placements, covert advertising, press advertising, billboard advertising, in-store advertising, coffee cup advertising and celebrity branding. An example of advertising is the 'Go compare adverts' which became popular over everyones annoyance over the opera singer in it, they used this to their advantage to create billboards that looked like they had been grafitied on and television adverts where they try to get rid of the opera singer for humour appeal.
Animation
The manipulation of electronic images using a computer in order to create moving images. The animation industry employs around 4,700 people worldwide. Dreamworks is a company that makes cartoon movies and is one of the most well-known animation companies. Animation can also include the creation of games. Some types of methods to create animation include; puppet animation, clay animation, cutout animation, silhouette animation, model animation, object animation, graphic animation and pixilation.
Film
A form of entertainment that shows a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement. The film industry employs around 27,800 people worldwide. There are two types of films that can be made animation and real-life, these films can either be fiction or non-fiction. Disney and Dreamworks are companies that make animation/cartoon movies and Paramount Pictures is a company that creates popular human movies and some animation movies.
Games
The gaming industry is the fastest selling industry and the moment because of its popularity. The games industry employs around 10,000 people worldwide. A game is something that is created for humans to interact with for fun. Games can be played single player on your own or in multiplayer where you can play with other people. Games have been becoming more popular since the addition of using online methods to play with different people from around the world. Blizzard Entertainment is a popular game publisher that helped create a previous popular game called World of Warcraft.
Interactive Media
Interactive media normally refers to products and services on digital computer-based systems which respond to the user’s actions. The interactive media industry employs around 40,000 people worldwide. An example of interactive media is one of the worlds most popular social network sight called Facebook created by Mark Zuckerberg this website allows people to keep in touch through friend requests, picture sharing and status updates.
Photo Imaging
Photo imaging is where you use softwares such as Adobe Photoshop to adjust images and make them look better and more appealing. Photo imaging employs around 44,000 people worldwide. Photo imaging groups work together for many groups such as magazines and websites. Usually photographers are trained in photo imaging so that they can make their images better. There has been a lot of controversy about magazines over editing their magazine front covers and setting the wrong image for people about what the perfect woman should look like.
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